The air conditioner compressor serves as the core component of an AC system, functioning by compressing and circulating refrigerant to transform low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant, thereby enabling the system's cooling or heating operation. The compressor consists of the following key components:

1. Compressor Housing

The outer shell, typically constructed from metal materials, provides excellent sealing and corrosion resistance. It encloses all internal components while offering structural support and protection.

2. Compressor Motor

This electrical motor acts as the power source, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy through a transmission mechanism to drive compressor operation.

3. Compressor Cylinder

The central component, usually made of cast iron or aluminum alloy, contains separate high-pressure and low-pressure chambers where refrigerant compression occurs through piston movement.

4. Piston and Connecting Rod

The piston moves vertically within the cylinder, connected to the motor via the connecting rod. Its reciprocating motion alters cylinder volume to compress refrigerant.

5. Valve System

Comprising suction and discharge valves, this system regulates refrigerant flow. The suction valve opens during piston descent to admit low-pressure refrigerant, while the discharge valve opens during ascent to expel high-pressure refrigerant.

6. Cooling System

Employing either cooling fans or liquid circulation, this system dissipates heat to prevent compressor overheating.

7. Lubrication System

Using oil or grease, it lubricates moving parts like pistons and connecting rods to minimize friction and wear.

Working Principle

The refrigerant absorbs indoor heat in the evaporator before entering the compressor's low-pressure chamber through the suction valve. As the piston rises, the refrigerant compresses into high-temperature, high-pressure gas, which then exits via the discharge valve to the condenser where heat releases outdoors. After passing through the expansion valve, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator to repeat the cycle.

As an indispensable component, the compressor enables cooling/heating functions through its compression and circulation mechanism. Understanding its structure and operation principles facilitates better system maintenance, enhancing both efficiency and service life.